Triphala (Sanskrit; tri = three and phala = fruits) is a well-recognized and revered polyherbal medicine consisting of dried fruits of the three plant species Emblica officinalis (Family Euphorbiaceae), Terminalia bellerica (Family Combretaceae), and Terminalia chebula (Family Combretaceae) .
formula consists of the fruits Amalaki or the Indian Gooseberry, Bibhitaki, and Haritaki of the three plants generally in equal proportions .
According to Charak, taking the Triphala Rasayana (Triphala with honey and ghee) daily has the potential to make a person live for one hundred years devoid of old age and diseases.
The physician Sushrut indicated that the formula is useful for treating ulcers and wounds
It is classified as a tridoshic rasayana in Ayurvedic medicine as it promotes longevity and rejuvenation in patients of all constitutions and ages.
Triphala represents an essential foundational formula as it promotes efficient digestion, absorption, elimination, and rejuvenation.
In addition to laxative action, Triphalaresearch has found the formula to be potentially effective for several clinical uses such as appetite stimulation, reduction of hyperacidity, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, antibacterial, antimutagenic, adaptogenic, hypoglycemic, antineoplastic, chemoprotective, and radioprotective effects, and prevention of dental caries.
Ayurvedic classifications attributed to the formula are shukrala, digestive, mild laxative at normal doses, bowel tonic at low dose, purgative at high doses, carminative, expectorant, antispasmodic, and bronchodilator
Polyphenols in Triphala modulate the human gut microbiome and thereby promote the growth of beneficial Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus while inhibiting the growth of undesirable gut microbes.
The bioactivity of Triphala is elicited by gut microbiota to generate a variety of anti-inflammatory compounds.
Ayurvedic pharmacology describes the attributes of herbs. The rasa or taste of Triphala is sweet, sour, pungent, bitter, and astringent; the only taste not contained within the formula is salty.
The virya, or potency and action, is neutral, and the vipaka, or postdigestive effect of the formula, is sweet.
Triphala has a prabhav, meaning special action or trophism, for all doshas (energetics and mind–body types) and thus is balancing for all doshas and constitutions. The gunas, or qualities, of Amalaki are heavy and dry, and both Haritaki and Bhibitaki are considered light and dry.
Therapeutic Uses
Ayurvedic medicine uses Triphala as a pillar of gastrointestinal treatment; however, the complexity of the three rasayanas, or rejuvenative herbs, in the formulation allows for many applications. potential uses of Triphala, which include free radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, appetite stimulation, gastric hyperacidity reduction, dental caries prevention, antipyretic, analgesic, antibacterial, antimutagenic, wound healing, anticariogenic, antistress, adaptogenic, hypoglycemic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, chemoprotective, radioprotective, and chemopreventive effects.Triphala may also promote proper digestion and absorption of food, reduce serum cholesterol levels, improve circulation, relax bile ducts, prevent immunosenescence, maintain homeostasis of the endocrine system, and increase production of red blood cells and hemoglobin.
major constituents of the formula are the tannins, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and chebulinic acid, which are potent antioxidants that may account, at least in part, for the observed immunomodulatory activity of the formula.
Triphala also contains other bioactive compounds such as flavonoids (e.g., quercetin and luteolin), saponins, anthraquinones, amino acids, fatty acids, and various carbohydrates.In addition, Triphala-derived polyphenols such as chebulinic acid are also transformed by the human gut microbiota into bioactive metabolites, which have demonstrated potential in vitro to prevent oxidative damage.
Triphala in gastrointestinal health
Triphala prevent diarrhea.Triphala also induces enteroprotective effects, which are likely due, at least in part, to the high antioxidant content.
Triphala replenished depleted protein in the intestinal villi of the brush border as well as glutathione and phospholipid levels; the formula simultaneously decreased myeloperoxidase and xanthine oxidase levels in intestinal epithelium.10 In rats, Triphala exerted a gastroprotective effect on stress-induced ulcer.11 One human clinical trial that investigated the use of Triphala in patients with gastrointestinal disorders reported that treatment reduced constipation, mucous, abdominal pain, hyperacidity, and flatulence while improving the frequency, yield, and consistency of stool.12 Triphala also reduced colitis in a mouse model, and the treatment effect was attributed to antioxidant effects and high levels of flavonoids contained in Triphala.
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